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Mammoplasty is an umbrella for several procedures: augmentation (increasing volume with implants), reduction (taking away excess tissue and skin), mastopexy (lifting sagging breasts), reconstruction (after mastectomy) and asymmetry correction. Your wishes and the surgeon's advice determine the best individual method.

Following all recommendations makes complications rare. Still, they may involve hematoma or seroma, infection of the wound, decreased or increased nipple sensitivity, capsular contracture, aesthetic asymmetry, wound separation and tissue necrosis.

You can expect a long-lasting mammoplasty result: about 10–15 years after augmentation (until the implants are replaced) and 5–10 years after a lift or reduction. How long it lasts is affected by weight, pregnancy, skin aging and gravity. Wear supportive underwear and control your weight to keep it.

Breastfeeding after mammoplasty is determined by the type of surgery. Augmentation through an under-breast or armpit incision, with the implant under the muscle, usually preserves lactation, since the glandular tissue is left undamaged. The risk is higher after a lift or reduction because ducts may be cut. Talk to your surgeon about it in advance.

Implant choice is based on material (silicone gives the most natural appearance, saline is used more rarely), shape (round or anatomical teardrop), surface (smooth or textured), size and profile. Your surgeon will pick the best one for your anatomy and goals.

The surgery itself is performed under general anesthesia — the patient feels nothing. In the first 1–3 days moderate discomfort is possible and is relieved with painkillers. By day 5–7 pain decreases significantly, and by weeks 2–3 discomfort is gone. If pain is severe, tell your doctor right away.

Work without physical exertion can be resumed after 7–14 days. Light walks after 1–2 weeks. Fitness and swimming after 4–6 weeks, strength training after 3 months. Pool and sea after 4–6 weeks. Compression garments are worn for 4–6 weeks. Exact timing depends on how you recover.

Science offers no evidence that mammoplasty increases breast cancer risk. Implants are not a cause of cancer. After the operation, keep having regular screening: self-exams, mammography and ultrasound. Make sure the examining doctor always knows about your implants.

Mammoplasty can follow a C-section, but first your body must fully recover. Allow a minimum of 6–12 months from giving birth and from the end of breastfeeding. Before surgery, a consultation and check-up with the surgeon are required.

Mammoplasty does leave scars, but in the hands of a skilled surgeon they are minimal. Incisions are placed in hidden areas: under the breast, around the areola or in the armpit. Scars look reddish in the first months, yet within 6–12 months they fade and become nearly invisible.

Slight asymmetry is normal in the first weeks after surgery and comes from swelling and uneven healing. When a difference in shape or size lasts beyond 3–6 months, visit your surgeon for an examination to pinpoint the cause.

After mammoplasty, the breasts and nipples can temporarily lose or gain sensitivity. Irritation of the nerve endings is responsible. Most often sensitivity returns within 3–12 months. If there is no improvement a year later, see your surgeon.

Hormonal drugs (contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy) do not affect implants directly, but may cause swelling or changes in breast tissue volume, temporarily affecting appearance. Be sure to tell your surgeon about such medications before surgery.